Graphitic carbon nitride-based upconversion photocatalyst for hydrogen production and water purification

Upconversion luminescence (UCL) is mainly a nonlinear optical method that some engineered nanomaterials can attain and helps in the transformation of low energy phonons (near-infrared photons) into higher (ultraviolet (UV) visible light photons). (UC) are suitable candidate for preparing near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive photocatalytic systems by mixing with other photocatalysts. Many reports have been published on lanthanide-based UC materials (Ln3+ ions as dopants) carbon quantum dots (CQDs) carrying property their use removal pollutants production. Besides these nanomaterials, graphitic nitride (g-C3N4) potential photocatalyst (metal-free ecofriendly) has gained attention owing to its unique amazing possessions. But limitations inadequate utilization restrict applicability. Therefore, enhance or widen light-harvesting towards NIR region, integration upconversion nanocrystals (UC NCs) g-C3N4 considered an effective approach. Thus, present review focused amalgamation full solar spectrum absorption H2 production pollutant degradation via absorption.